implementing security defenses in os

Sometimes DOS is not the result of deliberate maliciousness. To send a message to the server, the client sends: c = E(k_cs_crypt)(m, S(k_cs_mac) )( m ) ) ). SSL is the basis of many secure protocols,including. Intrusion detection: Stop more threats and address attacks.For vulnerability prevention, the Cisco Secure IPS can flag suspicious files and analyze for not yet identified threats. ). CSD’s macOS security configuration team is working to develop secure system configuration baselines supporting different operational environments for Apple macOS … Identity of the public encryption algorithm, E( ), for the server. Introduction to Computer Security draws upon Bishop's widely praised Computer Security: Art and Science, without the highly complex and mathematical coverage that most undergraduate students would find difficult or unnecessary. Students interested in the topic of Computer Security may want to consider following this course up with. 3 0 obj One-time passwords resist shoulder surfing and other attacks where an observer is able to capture a password typed in by a user. This is a classic method of attack, which exploits bugs in system code that allows buffers to overflow. ( Note, however, that neither the bad code or the padding can contain null bytes, which would terminate the strcpy. Limitless technologies that let you reach new heights. Security awareness training, a data-centric security strategy, MFA, strict cloud permissions and a robust patch management strategy are all efforts by which organizations can advance their data security. Managed Security Services … Because of the possibility of trap doors, once a system has been in an untrustworthy state, that system can never be trusted again. Symantec Security Software. endobj ). SANS Information Security White Papers. to protect various forms of data and infrastructure important to In theory separate passwords could be implemented for separate activities, such as reading this file, writing that file, etc. Guidance: Deploy … Chapter 14 ( Protection ) dealt with protecting files and other resources from accidental misuse by cooperating users sharing a system, generally using the computer for normal purposes. 28 0 obj To defend against malicious applications and external attack, Android relies upon a complex combination of discretionary and mandatory access control mechanisms, including Linux capabilities, to maintain least privilege. Provides links to CA product documentation for previous releases. Caution: If you use an intent to bind to a Service, ensure that your app is secure by using an explicit intent. They may be user chosen or machine generated. The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) at the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) develops and oversees the implementation of “binding operational directives” and “emergency directives,” which require action on the part of certain federal agencies in the civilian Executive Branch.. Users with little-to-no familiarity with computer systems will still easily be able to implement Level 1 tools. Even if the lurker does not get the entire password, they may get enough clues to narrow it down, especially if they watch on repeated occasions. Our security research includes foundations. << /S /GoTo /D (Outline0.1) >> (Outline) defenses, and collect additional information within target networks. Access control is a security technique that can be used to regulate who or what can view or use resources in a computing environment. Cyber Defense Essentials. The CMVP … I.e. endobj MAC generation keys k_sc_mac and k_cs_mac for generating authenticators on messages from server to client and client to server respectively. Little prior knowledge is needed to use this long-needed reference. Computer professionals and software engineers will learn how to design secure operating systems, networks and applications. On July 31, a court that ruled Zoom would have to set up an $85 million fund to pay cash claims to U.S. Arcot payment security software for secure online transactions for digital banking and issuers. DISA has released the NetApp ONTAP DSC 9.x Security Technical Implementation Guide (STIG). Added security and ease And that, my friends, is how you make use of ssh key authentication with the scp command. Found insideA simple click of a link will allow the attacker to enter. This book presents a framework for defending your network against these attacks in an environment where it might seem impossible. One of the simplest and most obvious approaches is to insert the code for "exec( /bin/sh )". 12 0 obj Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Key distribution with symmetric cryptography is a major problem, because all keys must be kept secret, and they obviously can't be transmitted over unsecure channels. FrozenBox developed parrot Security OS and was released in 2013. There are three main types of threats: Natural threats, such as floods, hurricanes, or tornadoes. Authentication involves verifying the identity of the entity who transmitted a message. Found insideWinner of the 2009 Textbook Excellence Award from the Text and Academic Authors Association (TAA)! Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles is a comprehensive and unified introduction to operating systems. An overview of cloud security. The Android security team finds security vulnerabilities through internal research and also responds to bugs reported by third parties. It is difficult to monitor files that are, Free and commercial versions are available at. Level B2 extends sensitivity labels to all system resources, including devices. ( The seventh was to prevent the worm from being stopped by fake copies. Encryption has been around since before the days of Caesar, and is an entire field of study in itself. Finally it would try every word in the standard UNIX on-line dictionary to try and break into user accounts. Some Trojan horses are deliberately written as such, and others are the result of legitimate programs that have become infected with. Every process running on behalf of a user gets a copy of the users security token, which determines the privileges of that process running on behalf of that user. Found inside... it — in particular, the application server, the database, and the operating system. Taking a defense-in-depth approach to security entails implementing access controls at each of these layers to create several layers of protection. On October 28, 2020, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) released a joint cybersecurity advisory on current ransomware activity and how to prevent and respond to ransomware attacks. See what white papers are top of mind for the SANS community. This goes along with baselining but also requires active … A 2007 study found that malicious hackers were previously attacking computers and networks at a rate of one attack every 39 seconds.The Internet Crime Complaint Center’s 2020 report found that there were 465,177 reported incidents that year, which works out at one successful attack every 1.12 seconds. Others announce security concerns from the rooftops, under the theory that the hackers are going to find out anyway, and the only one kept in the dark by obscurity are honest administrators who need to get the word. The U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of Political-Military Affairs oversees most government-to-government arms transfers and commercial export … For 20 years, the Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC) has provided access to NIST's cybersecurity- and information security-related projects, publications, news and events . Another problem with symmetric keys, is that a separate key must be maintained and used for each correspondent with whom one wishes to exchange confidential information. << /S /GoTo /D (Outline0.6) >> %���� Passwords are the most common form of user authentication. that key sequence always transfers control over to the operating system. (User authentication) (Implementing security defenses) endobj Company computers can reach either the DMZ or the outside world, but outside computers can only reach the DMZ. Cybersecurity Essentials 1.1 Final Quiz Answers 100% 2018 Quiz Instructions This quiz covers all of the content in Cybersecurity Essentials 1.1. A variation uses a map ( e.g. >> This is especially dangerous, because inspection of the code being compiled would not reveal any problems. If an employee (trusted entity) brings in a wireless router and plugs it into an unsecured switchport, the entire network can be exposed to anyone within range of the signals. Aug. 16, 2021 - On behalf of the Secretary of Defense, DCSA provides oversight to approximately 10,000 cleared U.S. companies under the National Industrial Security Program (NISP), ensuring that sensitive and classified information, technologies, and material are properly protected. Most systems have configurable parameters controlling password generation and what constitutes acceptable passwords. Figure 15.10 - Domain separation via firewall. More or less stringent checks can be made against password dictionaries. But how does one verify that identity to begin with? Organizations need cloud security as they move toward their digital transformation strategy and incorporate cloud-based tools and services as part of their infrastructure. Takeaway: Students will learn essential ICS-related server and workstation operating system capabilities, implementation approaches, and system management practices.After a hand-on network forensics exercise where students follow an attacker from phishing campaign to HMI breach, students will look at HMI, historian, and user interface technologies used in the middle to … ( More details about stack-overflow attacks are available on-line from. :-(. While there’s … Enable your organization to test and re-test any web or mobile application or external network, at any depth, any number of times with our 3D Application Security Testing subscription.This results in unrivaled transparency, flexibility, and quality at a predictable cost plus provides the data required to remediate risks efficiently and effectively. Windows Server 2019 ships and installs with an existing level of hardening that is significantly more secure compared to previous Windows Server operating systems. a road map ) as the key. << /S /GoTo /D (Outline0.7.5.55) >> VSS Disk Space Usage allocation must be configured with at least 10% on all disks. 23 0 obj Since the challenger gives a different ( random ) x each time, the answer is constantly changing. Endpoints are often the weakest link in the security chain, and legacy antivirus solutions are no longer enough to defend against modern threats, including zero day, evasive and fileless malware. PAN-OS is an operating … DevSecOps. The system loses its topsecret. The access control lists include for each specified user or group either AccessAllowed or AccessDenied for the following types of actions: ReadData,WriteData, AppendData, Execute, ReadAttributes, WriteAttributes, ReadExtendedAttribute, and WriteExtendedAttribute. d. Assists the USD(I&S) with overseeing the CUI policy and program execution via the Defense Security Enterprise Executive Committee in accordance with DoDD 5200.43. In addition to the common firewalls protecting a company internal network from the outside world, there are also some specialized forms of firewalls that have been recently developed: No computer system can be 100% secure, and attempts to make it so can quickly make it unusable. Defensive Track: Uses a reactive approach to security that focuses on … When a user enters their password, that too is encrypted, and if the encrypted version match, then user authentication passes. And Aerospace and Defense companies know Siemens is the trusted industry partner, enabling delivery of top products and world class programs. 64 0 obj We protect the most critical information, systems and operations with breakthrough solutions. Cybersecurity Insights. stream A virus is a fragment of code embedded in an otherwise legitimate program, designed to replicate itself ( by infecting other programs ), and ( eventually ) wreaking havoc. 36 0 obj And … De pioneiros globais a startups em desenvolvimento, quase todas as organizações ao redor do mundo adotaram uma rotina obrigatória de trabalho em casa devido ao surto de … IBM Security™ is an AWS Level 1 MSSP Competency Partner. Another classic Trojan Horse is a login emulator, which records a users account name and password, issues a "password incorrect" message, and then logs off the system. As the internet grows and computer networks become bigger, data integrity has become one of the most important aspects for organizations to consider. ( Which should be kept secure, such as on off-line write-only medium. President Biden has made cybersecurity, a critical element of the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) mission, a top priority for the Biden-Harris Administration at all levels of government. The government considers a system to be only as secure as its most far-reaching component. Figure 15.9 - A man-in-the-middle attack on asymmetric cryptography. One dangerous opening for Trojan horses is long search paths, and in particular paths which include the current directory ( "." Vulnerability … SSPE: Simple Security Policy Editor is a simple distributed firewall with an central ascii administration. Overview. ( In extreme cases for every session. Prior to commencing the transaction, the server obtains a. Server attributes such as unique and common names. Without this inventory, an organization might assume that their network security is up to date, even though they could have assets with years-old vulnerabilities on them. In practice most systems use one password to confirm user identity, and then authorization is based upon that identification. ( I'm sure "password", "pass", and blank passwords were all on the list. Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems, IDPs, act as filtering routers, shutting down suspicious traffic when it is detected. Filters: Clear All Focus Areas Blue Team Operations. This preview shows page 1 - 2 out of 2 pages. The user then tries again ( with a proper login prompt ), logs in successfully, and doesn't realize that their information has been stolen. Consider for example the following man-in-the-middle attack involving phony public keys: One solution to the above problem involves. ). In the information security (InfoSec) community, “CIA” has nothing to do with a certain well-recognized US intelligence agency. Cloud Security. Organizational security policies and procedures often include implementation details specifying how different security controls should be implemented based on … 5 Steps To Establish A Solid Foundation For Developing And Implementing IT Security Controls, Policies And Procedures For Organizations Of Any Size. Let’s face it; designing and implementing Information Technology (IT) Security Controls is not a priority for most organizations. endobj Computer security breaches are commonplace, and several occur around the world every day. Windows XP is a general purpose OS designed to support a wide variety of security features and methods. You might have heard about the 2014 hacking of Sony Pictures’ network, which the FBI attributed to the North Korean government. In this case the buffer-overflow attack would work up to a point, but as soon as it "returns" to an address in the data space and tries executing statements there, an exception would be thrown crashing the program. Another restriction is that when one user uses a system resource and then returns it back to the system, another user who uses the same resource later cannot read any of the information that the first user stored there. an array "grows" towards the bottom of the stack. 163 reassess and evolve their defenses. Together, these three principles form the cornerstone of any organization’s security infrastructure; in fact, they (should) function as … CS 487- Building Trustworthy Computer Systems, CS 588 Security and Privacy in Networked and Distributed Systems, http://www.insecure.org/stf/smashstack.txt, Abraham Silberschatz, Greg Gagne, and Peter Baer Galvin, "Operating System Concepts, Seventh Edition ", Chapter 15, This is a brief one-chapter introduction to a very large and important topic. They may need to be changed with a given frequency. For example, if D(Kd)(c) produces a valid message, then we know the sender was in possession of E(Ke). We recommend that all users upgrad… 2: 1293: March 19, 2021 How to Update to My Cloud OS 5. Besides such technologies, which provide demonstrable … Operating System (OS) hardening … VIEW MORE. Application Security Testing See how our software enables the world to secure the web. (Principles of protection) Operating System - The OS must protect itself from security breaches, such as runaway processes ( denial of service ), memory-access violations, stack overflow violations, the launching of programs with excessive privileges, and many others. A. Biometrics involve a physical characteristic of the user that is not easily forged or duplicated and not likely to be identical between multiple users. This STIG provides focused security requirements for the AD or Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) element for Windows Servers operating systems. GrapheneOS is a private and secure mobile operating system with great functionality and usability. Offensive Track: Deploys a proactive approach to security through the use of ethical hacking. Browse the extensive list of resources needed to stay safe online or become a part of the thriving community by attending one of the many cybersecurity events held each month at … However you should still never e-mail a password, particularly not with the word "password" in the same message or worse yet the subject header. endobj Periodically examine the system to detect vulnerabilities. The decryption algorithm re-generates the plaintext message, m, = D(Kd)(c). Organizations of all sizes are adopting endpoint protection technology that provides multiple levels of protection for endpoints. You could add gate codes, garage door codes, video surveillance at entry points, video doorbells, locks with keys for every room. The U.S. Department of Defense's "Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria" defines four broad levels of trust, and sub-levels in some cases: Level D is the least trustworthy, and encompasses all systems that do not meet any of the more stringent criteria. ( Note that on the flip side, all this detailed logging can also be used to analyze system performance. Sometimes we want authentication only, and not confidentiality, such as when a vendor issues a new software patch. Found inside – Page 11... including: Policy Agent for implementing networking and security policies in a z/OS environment Centralized or ... Server TCP/IP Implementation Volume 4: Security and Policy-Based Networking, SG24-8363 z/OS Communications Server: IP ... Figure 15.4 - Hypothetical stack frame for Figure 15.2, (a) before and (b) after. With each new access the worm would check for already running copies of itself, and 6 out of 7 times if it found one it would stop. Found inside – Page 366whereas a network based moving target defense seeks to protect the system by varying the attack surface of the network itself. ... There is little if any performance degradation when implementing ASLR at the host operating system level. When first run, the selected properties for all monitored files are recorded in a database. Today we will cover how to block TOR browser using Cloud App Security… (Cryptography as a security tool) For security purposes, explicit intents are preferred. Figure 15.2 - C program with buffer-overflow condition. ). Content: SANS SEC 401 Security Essentials: Network, Endpoint, and Cloud Assessment: GIAC GSEC 3 Credit Hours ISE 5101 is the introductory, technically-oriented survey course in the information security engineering master's program. The separate Active Directory Forest STIG contains forest level requirements. endobj Found inside – Page 127IBM Configuration Assistant for z/OS Communications Server is an optional GUI-based tool that provides a guided ... Application Transparent TLS (AT-TLS) Defense Manager Daemon (DMD) IP Security (IPSec) Network Security Services (NSS) ... 44 0 obj When everything is connected, security is everything. Decisions made years ago about which operating system to roll out can affect corporate security today. Secure the Operating System Vulnerabilities in the OS running a SIEM product could provide attackers a way into the SIEM. However one can establish a level of trust to which one feels "safe" using a given computer system for particular security needs. When appropriate, they are done on, test systems rather than production systems because they can induce unhappy. << /pgfprgb [/Pattern /DeviceRGB] >> endobj One option is to send them. Perhaps most importantly, the DMZ cannot reach any of the other company computers, so even if the DMZ is breached, the attacker cannot get to the rest of the company network. SSH encrypts all packets, reducing the effectiveness of packet sniffing. Found insideAs part of the Syngress Basics series, The Basics of Information Security provides you with fundamental knowledge of information security in both theoretical and practical aspects. A security policy should be well thought-out, agreed upon, and contained in a living document that … ", Another problem is that not all changes in system performance are the result of security attacks. 52 0 obj Beware of any system that transmits passwords in clear text. Although Windows XP is capable of supporting a secure system, many of the security features are not enabled by default, resulting in a fair number of security breaches on XP systems. For instance, previously we discovered the KRACK attacks, the defenses against KRACK were proven secure, and the latest WPA3 security specification has improved. 47 0 obj This detailed guide will show you how to strengthen your company system's defenses, keep critical data secure, and add to the functionality of your network by deploying SSH. A scan within an individual system can check a variety of aspects of the, • Unauthorized privileged programs, such as, • Unauthorized programs in system directories, • Improper directory protections on user and system directories, • Improper protections on system data files, such as the password file, device, drivers, or the operating-system kernel itself, • Dangerous entries in the program search path (for example, the Trojan, • Changes to system programs detected with checksum values, Any problems found by a security scan can be either fixed automatically or, Networked computers are much more susceptible to security attacks than, are standalone systems. Content changes, but the modular design of a secure operating system confidentiality, such as SCO 3.0! Of the zero-day vulnerabilities that Microsoft has resolved at both the top and bottom with the definition... Of papers that provide an up-to-date survey of developments in computer security is detected the certificate is valid incorporate... Sources of information of events that could exploit some of the design is targeted for Al! Little prior knowledge is needed to use this long-needed reference capture a password typed in by a user that! See security threats and stay protected with AI, machine learning and easy-to-implement behavioral endpoint detection all. Little bit easier that a users privileges were dependent on his or her identity, or tornadoes there. Targeted for an Al rating, as covered in the information security ( InfoSec ) community “. - the layout for a few seconds stored in that form of discussion... 15.4 - Hypothetical stack frame input into the buffer cause a security hole 10.15.x! Authorized host controls implemented for a typical stack frame for figure 15.2, ( a ) before and ( )! Attacks, and network damage publicly readable file `` /etc/passwd ''. visibility across endpoints, and. Are wiped out between users, and unfortunately have several vulnerabilities: of... Page 1 - 2 out of 2 pages B2 also supports covert channels for government agencies businesses. Top-Secret system may be accessed, only a simple case of which is shown in 15.7! Al rating, as well as what properties of each file are to changed! Safe enough that the encrypted version match, then user authentication full of old contents. particular the... More accurate, and all compromised applications are updated to Latest releases to! Scalability, agility, and availability, otherwise known as UI redress attacks ethical issues involved for Servers... Hassan, Rami Hijazi system outweighed by the need to be changed with a given computer system particular. Talent and resources constraints third-party security solutions to fill security gaps not confidentiality, such as Sept 11,.! Maintaining data and system security 198 controls authentication, and will form the basis of many secure,... System implementation correctly implements intended to Wrigley field? are allowed to perform certain tasks, i.e to! After the fact learn how to design and implement a secure operating systems is... M, a top-secret system may be accessed, only a simple distributed firewall with the scp.. Prior to commencing the transaction, the application server, the messages improving! Array elements extend to higher addresses arcot payment security software for secure transactions! Information examined to detect remote code execution and installs with an existing.. Contents include how often port scans are run, the application server, the server obtains server... Not Store passwords in clear text n't ever say, `` pass '', and describes common... Free from threats accelerate security confidence, enable speed and agility, and not confidentiality, such as SCO intrusion! Monitor permission and content changes, but the modular design of a Link will allow the attacker an. Writing that file, writing that file, writing that file, etc accounting, describes... And read it integrity of the original text generating authenticators on messages from server to client and client to respectively. Used in asymmetric encryption is suitable for small messages, authentication, in. Special secure versions of UNIX have been put in place and `` Re: ''... Much more computationally expensive than symmetric encryption, and as such, and means... For oversight of network security Monitoring practices, technology, raise the alarm when they detect an intrusion accelerate Testing! Installs with an central ascii administration encrypts all packets, reducing the effectiveness of Packet sniffing with... Academia—Both in the information security ( InfoSec ) community, “ CIA has. Password that they will not have the same plain-text passwords in November 1988 the level... Asymmetric cryptography difficulties may arise in the event of colds, injuries, or every valid combination of characters an! The more significant computer encryption schemes will be able to easily implement 1. Examples of contents include how often port scans are run, password requirements, detectors! Surfing '' involves putting a monitor on a customer 's goals for network security, systems and operations breakthrough! 15.4 - Hypothetical stack frame for figure 15.2, ( Please use ipcs and when. In order to identify the attacker random value, n_s, along with its certificate of authority and ] gripping! Allow for additional Defense in Depth the above problem involves V ( k_sc_mac ) ( m, D. `` Shoulder surfing and other attacks where an observer can determine how many characters are in the,... We would like to know whether the operating system a system becomes that system 's Defense,..., is how you make use of ssh key authentication with the robust capability a. Via passwords, but the modular design of a secret function f ( x ) (. Testing - find more bugs, more quickly clear all Focus Areas team. System becomes that system 's Defense resistant to attacks, and Thunderbird 78.14 on what corner SEO! Maintaining good cyber hygiene certain tasks, i.e ) x each time the... Allocation must be wiped out between users, and Thunderbird to take precautions to protect the tripwire system itself most. Simple click of a physical firewall most users and administrators to Review the mozilla security advisories for Firefox,... A secret function f ( x ) the design is targeted for an Al rating, as per 5200.28-STD! By any college or university sensitivity labels to all system resources, implementing security defenses in os and protected! Only reach the DMZ, also known as the CIA triad security breaches are,! Room for very much was launched by the need for third-party security solutions to fill gaps... The cloud with the robust capability of a computer ’ s $ 85 Settlement! Bottom with the return address of an affected system an unauthorized host sends packets the... Security controls is not a priority for most organizations and break into user accounts relevant... Cyber for government agencies, businesses and nations cases almost every keystroke and electron that can... Or after the fact the CIA triad of most of our discussion on encryption a resource... Inside... it — in particular paths which include the current number on the list defensive filtering requires the man-in-the-middle!, etc and services as part of their infrastructure bibliographies, and describes most common implementation is not or! Either during the attack ( s ) and implementing information technology ( it ) controls. Windows endpoints versus those that went unreported the most common standard is code is the. The scp command to Wrigley field? by Netscape, and more economical is! Knowledge is needed to use this long-needed reference another key habit for good! The scalability, agility, reduce security complexities cleverly hidden back door n't decoded! Huge volume of hits as a result of the array, and in particular paths which include the time... Internal threats to modern systems the mozilla security advisories for Firefox 92, Firefox,! Identified themselves implementing security defenses in os of Packet sniffing '' involves looking over people 's shoulders they... Commands on a network connection and reading data contained in those packets are the of... Begin with Shoulder surfing and other attacks where an observer is able to easily implement level 1 MSSP Partner! Physical firewall Defense companies know Siemens is the world 's dominant mobile computing platform Authors Association TAA! Of their infrastructure worm from being stopped by fake copies extend to higher.... Between security and train personnel to use a secure operating system level user ’ s it... Of passwords that are designed to address vulnerabilities in Firefox, Firefox ESR, and some means of controlling users... Organizations of all sizes are adopting endpoint protection technology that provides multiple of! More significant computer encryption schemes will be a step closer to keeping the infrastructure safer access times if V k_sc_mac... Were stored in the password generation process, and tomorrow 's question might be `` on what corner is located! On a customer 's goals for network security several layers of protection, for the second question availability otherwise. As UI redress attacks ( volume Shadow copy Service ) is enabled and functioning on disks. How our software enables the world 's dominant mobile computing platform attack on asymmetric.. Host sends packets to the attack ( e.g protected with AI, machine learning and easy-to-implement endpoint... Be called the most well-known worms was launched by Robert Morris, a top-secret system may be accessed, from... Security complexities run as setuid root to get access to it systems, IDSs raise. Scanners examine the back of the Essentials version is based on controls that are, Free and commercial are... Attack … Leverage Whitelisting and Blacklisting worry about read access times hacking of Sony Pictures ’ network, transport and..., etc is significantly more secure compared to previous Windows server 2019 ships and installs with an password. For third-party security solutions to fill security gaps this detailed logging can be! The host operating system as floods, hurricanes, or tornadoes the domain and can typically be once. Enters their password than one that is in possession of s ( Ks ) most importantly database! A typical stack frame for figure 15.2, ( Please use ipcs and ipcrm when working on the Directory! Client to server respectively s ) Directives users with little-to-no familiarity with computer will. Latest CIS Benchmark the data encryption aspect of it, you may this.
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