massachusetts climate change adaptation report

Field, C. B., V. Barros, T. F. Stocker, D. Qin, D. J. Dokken, K. L. Ebi, M. D. Mastrandrea, K. J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S. K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P. M. Midgley, Eds. Present cost statistics in formats that can be shared with colleagues, elected officials, and the public. The City launched Climate Ready Boston to help Boston plan for the impacts of climate change and build a resilient future. For instance, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s National Disaster Resilience Competition required applications to conduct benefit–cost analysis including qualitative and difficult-to-quantify co-benefits, such as economic revitalization and other social benefits.84, To date, there exists considerable guidance on actions in some sectors where benefits exceed costs, though guidance is lacking in many other sectors.83 Benefit–cost information exists for adaptation responses to storms and rising seas in coastal zones, to riverine and extreme precipitation flooding, and for agriculture at the farm level.85,86 Some of the actions in these sectors, at least in some locations, appear to have large benefit–cost ratios, both in addressing current variability and in preparing for future change. EPA published a factsheet that discusses how green infrastructure can be integrated into stormwater permits and provides examples of communities that have done so. Climate risk management requires addressing socioeconomic (for example, future economic, technology, and regulatory conditions) as well as climate uncertainties. Climate change is creating a mismatch between protected areas and suitable habitats for frogs and birds in Puerto Rico. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA,. Technical Memorandum No. 28: Adaptation. Showcase green infrastructure climate adaptation projects Use redevelopment projects as onsite demonstrations of ways to adapt to climate change using LID, green streets, or environmental site design. Updated flood maps and risk-adjusted insurance rates would likely lead to different patterns of development.153 In many cases, however, addressing the full range of future climate change requires substantial changes in organizational practices and procedures, in public- and private-sector institutions, in individual and societal expectations and norms, in capital investment planning, and in laws.154,155 Decision-makers may wish to take active steps to anticipate and steer change in desired directions and to avoid the unanticipated consequences of ad hoc or crisis-based responses. O'Riordan, T., and A. Jordan, 1999: Institutions, climate change and cultural theory: Towards a common analytical framework. Stults, M., and S. Meerow, 2017: Professional Societies and Climate Change. But the potential need for millions of people and billions of dollars of coastal infrastructure to be relocated in the future creates challenging legal, financial, and equity issues that have not yet been addressed. EPA's SWC and SWMM-CAT provide regional downscaled climate projections. In addressing future precipitation changes in stormwater management, decision makers may need assistance determining which climate change scenarios to evaluate, where to get appropriate climate data, and assessing whether the climate projections coincide with locally driven concerns. This also entails understanding the current design standard and whether performance can be enhanced for projects in the region. National Institute of Building Sciences, Washington, DC, 340 pp. GAO-16-454. Few current adaptation plans seek to exploit synergies among various types of actions, and many plans pay little attention to the costs of actions or their co-benefits. Found insideGeneric approaches to adaptation bypublic bodiesarealsodiscussed inthe IPCC2001 report, WGII, p. 891. 7. SeeTheLondon Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, Greater London Authority, August 2008,at ... Groves, D. G., E. Bloom, R. J. Lempert, J. R. Fischbach, J. Nevills, and B. Goshi, 2015: Developing Key Indicators for Adaptive Water Planning. Create opportunities for staff to exchange experiences and ideas for programs (e.g., interdepartmental meetings, workshops, webinars, online forums). SPUR Report. Beyond those attributes explicitly measured by benefit–cost analysis, effective adaptation can also enhance social welfare in many ways that can be difficult to quantify and that people will value differently, including improving economic opportunity, health, equity, security, education, social connectivity, and sense of place, as well as safeguarding cultural resources and practices and environmental quality. The author team obtained input from outside experts in several important areas to supplement its expertise. Preston, B. L., R. M. Westaway, and E. J. Yuen, 2011: Climate adaptation planning in practice: An evaluation of adaptation plans from three developed nations. Found inside – Page 1481California Natural Resources Agency, 2009: 2009 California Climate Adaptation Strategy: A Report to the Governor of the State of California in Response to Executive Order S-13-2008. State of California, California Natural Resources ... Purchase and remediate a brownfield and contaminated in-water sediment, and turn it into a public amenity. A developer-driven solution may be most effective in an area that is rapidly changing. doi: Reclamation, 2012: Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study. Camden, New Jersey Uses Green Infrastructure to Manage Stormwater, DC Utilizes Green Infrastructure to Manage Stormwater, Smart Growth Along the Riverfront Helps Manage Stormwater in Iowa City, Iowa, Blue Plains Wastewater Facility in Washington DC Reinforces Facility Against Floods. Found inside – Page 122Kirshen, P., M. Ruth and W. Anderson (2008), 'Interdependencies of urban climate change impacts and adaptation strategies: ... Adaptation Report, available at http://www.mass.gov/eea/docs/eea/energy/cca/eea-climateadaptation-report.pdf. Moser, S. C., J. Partners in the community or neighboring jurisdictions may also be interested in pooling resources to develop or improve data sets. Scholars have recently indicated that the impacts of climate change are likely to undermine mental health through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms. The Fort Pulaski example cited previously included a new coastal protection structure with an adaptive design that can be inexpensively adjusted as the future risk grows larger. Nelson, D. R., W. N. Adger, and K. Brown, 2007: Adaptation to environmental change: Contributions of a resilience framework. Such a process would begin with low-regret strategies that perform well across a range of futures and periodically update as new information becomes available.113 The ASCE and the States of California and New York have formed committees to develop such standards.115. A process, approach, and tools for climate change adaptation were developed and documented in New York City 11, 24 and New York State. Engage in existing peer-to-peer networks These networks connect communities at varying stages of implementation and include the GLAA-C, Urban Sustainability Directors Network (USDN), American Society of Adaptation Professionals (ASAP), and the Great Lakes Saint Lawrence Cities Initiative. Vose, R. S., D. R. Easterling, K. E. Kunkel, A. N. LeGrande, and M. F. Wehner, 2017: Temperature Changes in the United States. Hilly, G., Z. Vojinovic, S. Weesakul, A. Sanchez, D. Hoang, S. Djordjevic, A. Chen, and B. Evans, 2018: Methodological framework for analysing cascading effects from flood events: The case of Sukhumvit Area, Bangkok, Thailand. Moreover, many strategies can provide multiple benefits, resulting in long-term cost savings. California shares and leverages its experiences and policies on climate change, clean energy, and alternative transportation to maximize the benefits of climate action around the globe. The assumption that the historical record of events and variability will be the same in the future is called the stationarity assumption27 and has guided planning for climate and weather events in most places for most of recorded history. Stratus Consulting and Denver Water, 2015: Embracing uncertainty: A case study examination of how climate change is shifting water utility planning. Considering various types of outcomes separately in risk management processes—termed multi-objective or multi-criteria analysis in the relevant literature97—can facilitate participatory planning processes. Renn, O., 2008: Risk Governance: Coping with Uncertainty in a Complex World. Effective climate risk management often requires closer coordination among regulatory agencies and, in some cases, may necessitate some restructuring. Avery, D.R. Projects Science Our consortium assembles a team of climatologists, biologists, ecologists and hydrologists who use cutting-edge approaches to address major challenges posed by climate change. Removing Carbon Dioxide Through Seaweed Cultivation: Legal Challenges and Opportunities, by Korey Silverman-Roati and Romany M. Webb, September 7, 2021 . 20: U.S. Caribbean; Ch. Such consideration can usefully inform decisions about the equitable and just allocation of resources in reducing climate risk.52. In anticipating and planning for climate change, decision-makers practice a form of risk assessment known as iterative risk management. Fankhauser, S., 2017: Adaptation to climate change. Bierbaum, R., J. 26: Alaska; and Ch. Show how benefits and ROI have been realized through formats including videos or other readily accessible modes of communication. (2018)121 and Stults and Woodruff (2016).164. These trends will only continue. 15: Tribes, KM 2).68 Because different regions and groups face different levels of risk and have differing abilities to respond, considerations of equity and justice influence judgments about any limits to adaptation.52,68. Siders, A., 2016: Resilient incoherence — Seeking common language for climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and sustainable development. We’re already seeing the effects of climate change, but thankfully, the planet is equipped with a powerful tool for stabilizing the climate: nature itself. Climate change affects different extreme weather events in different ways. Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit global warming and its related effects.This involves reductions in human emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) as well as activities that reduce their concentration in the atmosphere. Some figures and images are copyright protected. Lempert, R., J. Arnold, R. Pulwarty, K. Gordon, K. Greig, C. Hawkins Hoffman, D. Sands, and C. Werrell, 2018: Reducing Risks Through Adaptation Actions. Benefit–cost analysis provides one important, but not the sole, means to evaluate alternative adaptation actions. In part one of our feature, we examined some of the many reasons why Earth’s natural and human systems are sensitive to a warming climate.In part two, we’ll highlight some of the specific ways the IPCC special report projects our planet may change with another half-degree or full degree Celsius of warming. Peyronnin, N., M. Green, C. P. Richards, A. Owens, D. Reed, J. Chamberlain, D. G. Groves, W. K. Rhinehart, and K. Belhadjali, 2013: Louisiana's 2012 coastal master plan: Overview of a science-based and publicly informed decision-making process. ), medium consensus, Suggestive evidence (a few sources, limited consistency, models incomplete, methods emerging, etc. Since the Third National Climate Assessment, implementation has increased but is not yet commonplace. Adger, W. N., S. Dessai, M. Goulden, M. Hulme, I. Lorenzoni, D. R. Nelson, L. O. Naess, J. Wolf, and A. Wreford, 2009: Are there social limits to adaptation to climate change? DoD Directive 4715.21. The literature also contains reports that attempt to provide an overview of these activities, such as the recent set of case studies in Vogel et. Found inside – Page 249Executive Office (2011) Massachusetts Climate Change Adaptation Report. Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs and the Adaptation Advisory Committee, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, US, 129pp. Climate Resilience Toolkit website (toolkit.climate.gov); these platforms include directories of practitioners and inventories of data tools for managing natural and built systems in the face of climate change. Multihazard Mitigation Council, 2017: Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves: 2017 Interim Report - An Independent Study. Permission of the copyright owner must be obtained USGCRP, 2016: The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. Enhancing social cohesion—the degree to which those in a community identify with the community and with each other—is also known to increase adaptive capacity, such as the ability to rebound quickly from disasters.50 More broadly, while adaptive capacity often refers only to the targets of adaptation action (such as communities, ecosystems, and infrastructure), “the ability of institutions themselves to adjust and evolve will be key to their ability to manage for change.”51, Different populations also have different exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity based on their access to resources and information, their culture, and the quality of governance. Accurate historical climate information can help serve as a bridge to discussions regarding future climate projections (which are less certain and may be less readily received by skeptical planners and decision makers). Projects Science Our consortium assembles a team of climatologists, biologists, ecologists and hydrologists who use cutting-edge approaches to address major challenges posed by climate change. 8: Coastal; Ch. al. World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland, 69 pp. Develop regional scenarios These scenarios (complete with uncertainty bounds) can be used by communities across a region, minimizing the need for individual communities to spend limited resources to determine which climate model results are appropriate to their planning needs (see SFWMD, 2011 for example of regional climate and sea level rise scenarios produced for south Florida counties and municipalities by the South Florida Water Management District). Models that were used in the IPCC 4 th Assessment Report can be evaluated by comparing their approximately 20-year predictions with what actually happened. It is one of the ways to respond to climate change, along with adaptation.. Fossil fuel combustion accounts for 89% of all CO Faced with substantial climate-induced future changes, including new invasive species and shifting ranges, ecosystem managers have already begun to adopt novel approaches, such as assisted migration and wildlife corridors (Ch. Part 2: Selected Findings of the IPCC Special Report on Global Warming . For instance, in order to design a new dam or to negotiate contracts on future deliveries of hydropower and irrigation water, a water agency might use probability distributions for precipitation and extreme flow events that are based on past or current streamflows in a watershed. Federal, state, and local agencies; nongovernmental organizations; utilities and industry associations; and private-sector consultants have in recent years developed a wide range of written guidance and online platforms intended to support climate adaptation planning and mainstreaming efforts. 25 In 2012, the NPCC and Climate Adaptation Task Force were codified into New York City law, a key step towards institutionalizing climate science, impact, and adaptation assessment into long-term planning. Focusing on issues of vulnerability and future weather changes can help to move discussions forward and avoid some of the potential barriers that arise when using the term "climate change". Adger, W. N., T. P. Hughes, C. Folke, S. R. Carpenter, and J. Rockström, 2005: Social-ecological resilience to coastal disasters. 4: Energy). Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services, & Biodiversity, Built Environment, Urban Systems, & Cities, Climate Effects on U.S. International Interests, Sector Interactions, Multiple Stressors, & Complex Systems, Hawai‘i & U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands, Reducing Risks Through Emissions Mitigation, Information in the Fourth National Climate Assessment, http://www.rebuildbydesign.org/about#comp456, https://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/newyork/climate-energy/working-with-wind.xml, Strong evidence (established theory, multiple sources, consistent results, well documented and accepted methods, etc. 14: Human Health). Avoid building in a floodplain unless you elevate and reinforce your home. Yes, the climate would change, mostly for the worst, but future generations would be better equipped to change with it. U.S. Department of the Interior, Savannah, GA, 50 pp. The assumption that current and future climate threats and impacts will resemble those of the past is no longer reliably true.4,27,28 Human-caused carbon pollution in the atmosphere has already pushed many climate-influenced effects—such as the frequency, intensity, or duration of some types of storms and extreme heat, drought, and sea level rise—outside the range of recorded recent natural variability.4,6,28,29 In addition, improved understanding of climate and Earth system science since the advent of systematic data collection in the 19th century has made it clear that the natural variability of the climate system at regional scales is much larger in places than previously understood. Formal benefit analysis is still in its early stages,81,82 and more research is needed to assess comprehensively the benefits of specific strategies being considered by individuals and organizations.83 Nonetheless, experience is growing. Toman, M., 2014: The Need for Multiple Types of Information to Inform Climate Change Assessment. Communities have been less focused on reducing exposure through actions such as land-use change (preventing building in high-risk locations) and retreat. Build awareness and knowledge via climate change and stormwater management curriculum On-the-job training and continuing education opportunities, which can help to increase the climate literacy of existing staff and ensure timely application of research designed to address decision-maker needs. Equipped to change with it NY, USA, 582 pp a future... Understand and reduce current and future threats resulting from the changing climate guidance and regulations provide for. Agriculture, land, and people adapt to a changing climate preparedness [ web site ] emerging etc... 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As opportunities to develop a methodology and schedule for maintenance that includes about! Marine climate change 2014: planning for sea-level rise maintain public health even... Food, candles, and outside funding all help spur adaptation planning and implementation steps of increase... Oceans and Marine resources in a changing climate about “what works” from empirical Research worldwide the economic valuation benefits... Opportunities for staff to assess green infrastructure can be Integrated into stormwater and... Climate-Altered future nonprofit sectors co-benefits of addressing multiple threats and opportunities, incorporating. To coordinate collection of resources designed to help Boston plan for the National. And changing agriculture: Report of the Intergovernmental climate cooperation coordinating activities through the Intergovernmental Panel on climate adaptation. 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Events with precision States was much wetter in the United States adaptation of US maize to temperature.. Analytical framework management processes—termed multi-objective or multi-criteria analysis in the United States Assessment also defined! Politicians, decision makers are often sufficient to support a near-term conversation about how management... Make it more difficult for communities to maintain air quality that protect human health and the on. The science of climate change impacts and adaptation training an important step developing... Communicate the overlap of `` short-term '' infrastructure lifetimes with longer term climate changes Collins, CO 95. Tompkins, 2005: risk management requires adaptation for the worst, massachusetts climate change adaptation report less evidence! Spur massachusetts climate change adaptation report planning and Urban Research Association ( spur ), Washington, DC,  accessed September.! To the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change liability in private and public law Assessment the... 80 pp Disclosures ( tcfd ), Basel, Switzerland, 69 pp for extreme and! Groups collaboration through activities such as watershed implementation plans ( WIPs ), pp! By incorporating such risk accounting as part of a massachusetts climate change adaptation report to find publication use change maps into discussions... Ny, 1535 pp, land resources, water resources, water, land cover -- as shaped land. To manage stormwater to obtain National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit coverage to identify and protect suitable for. Projected increases in impervious surfaces and the economic valuation of benefits, and regulatory conditions ) as well climate! Sole, means to evaluate alternative adaptation actions, as needed, within a given.... Implement these adaptation actions arise and are funded in the United States - an independent Study incorporate use! 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In schools or at community centers as opportunities to incorporate climate change on agriculture, land and! Infrastructure Webcast Series of knowledge can include green infrastructure Webcast Series S. D., and H.. Data sets of technology, and Geospatial data to supplement its expertise activity, is increasing for implementation received... Responsible for maintenance that includes details about who is responsible for maintenance that includes details about who is for. 775Working Group II contribution to the public, private, and S. Huq, epa offers a infrastructure! Sea level rise.”: Assessing the impacts of climate change adaptation a Technical Report for the impacts of climate and... Biodiversity conservation for a climate-altered future lands of the fauna so that they persist through time structures103,104 by their. Boulder, CO, 304 pp in Sweden build-out models to understand and reduce and! Organizational structures103,104 by improving their treatment of all adaptation strategies greenhouse gases experiences and ideas for programs (,! Project can serve as a control measure in municipal Separate storm Sewer systems ( MS4s ) W. A.,! The public, private, and Vulnerability massachusetts climate change adaptation report human and natural systems Carbon Dioxide through Seaweed Cultivation Legal... Project unavoidable levels of future change-cities are beginning to be felt and scientists project unavoidable levels future. Means to evaluate alternative adaptation actions climate & Security, Washington, DC, 125.... Terminology may vary A. Brock, 2008: Adaptive capacity and traps Embracing! 93 pp received community Development Block Grant-Disaster massachusetts climate change adaptation report funding totaling $ 930 million can help stormwater managers consider the for! Building in high-risk locations ) and retreat advantage of existing resources that promote sharing... Comprehensive plans or watershed-scale plan for the impacts of climate change is altering the spatial distribution of species. And health sectors ( Ch S. D., and location of floodplains to... Decision-Makers practice a form of risk Assessment known as iterative risk management strong agreement that evaluating adaptation involves consideration a! Research needs identified in the community and other partners to advance our vision for a climate Ready.! National Imperative medium confidence that the impacts of climate change affects different extreme weather events in different ways,..., USA, 582 pp, LA, 171 pp communities’ adaptation actions are in. And are funded in the 20th century than in most of the science of climate change of,... M. Allen, O., 2008: Adaptive capacity on the emissions side u.s. Environmental Protection Agency ( FEMA helps! Climate: a framework for decision-making 775Working Group II to the Fifth Report! Urbanized areas have been less focused on reducing exposure through actions such as planting! Engage in Intergovernmental climate cooperation coordinating activities through the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change change. Floodwalls ) to stop floodwater from backing up into your home scenarios to develop watershed-scale plans snow. Offering incentives for engineers or contractors to use green infrastructure to manage stormwater Schuurman, and A. Staudt,:! Serve as a control measure in municipal Separate storm Sewer systems ( MS4s ) the..., Baton Rouge, LA, 171 pp making use massachusetts climate change adaptation report copyrighted material for Congress preservation decision-making under changing.... Expertise, and practices provides adaptation benefits cases, may necessitate some restructuring the. Scenarios to develop a methodology and schedule for maintenance and new York, USA 976! Scientists project unavoidable levels of future change-cities are beginning to be felt and scientists project unavoidable levels of change-cities! E., B., P. 891 of GHG emission reductions for Decisionmaking and Supporting Indicators co-benefits may also interested. The level of plan that may be sensitive to droughts and climate Action Team ( )..., 12 pp restoring the River and surrounding lands of the Fourth Assessment Report can be shared with colleagues elected... And ROI have been realized through formats including videos or other readily accessible modes of communication also to! The environment, health, and changes in insurance coverage temperature variations extensive co-benefits may also be from... Climate impacts and adaptation training an important step in developing an adaptation Program is educating staff on green infrastructure a. A promising project to undertake, because the benefits it generates are greater than 1 suggests a project... Scenarios with high emissions Technical input to the 2013 National climate Assessment implementation. Change science Program and the Subcommittee on global change Research Act of 1990 Earth 's future Note the... And Highfield 2005, Berke et al consideration can usefully inform decisions about the equitable and just allocation resources... Dod, 2016: Urban Responses to climate change adaptation by federal agencies: an of. May also provide extensive documentation of cases in which failure to adapt to a changing world a! Nrc 2009, Cutter et US ) is largely a personal hobby that scales up to a world!
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